German Pronouns

Pronouns in German

Fast Forward!

In English, when talking to people about ourselves, or when we talk about people in general, we use short words like “I”, “you”, “we”, and “they”. These words are called pronouns . German is the same, with a few twists!

There are two ways of saying “you” in English, but there are four ways of saying it in German! The rules are pretty straight forward, so just relax. We’ll take you through these principles step by step.

One or more?

Below you can see the German pronouns in the singular form, as in when talking about a single person, and plural form, as used when talking about a group of people.

Just one (singular)

ich	I
du	you ( casual to one person)
er	he
sie	she
es	it
Sie	you (formal to one person)

More than one (plural)

wir	we
ihr	you (casual to a group)
sie	they
Sie	you (formal to a group)

Which “You” is You ?

You will notice that pronouns in the singular and plural forms (as described above) both have a “you”, (“du” and “Sie” in German). Back in the days of Shakespeare, people used the words “thou” and “thee” to address their friends or loved ones (royals were addressed with the more formal “you” and “ye”). These polite forms of “you” have fallen out of use in modern-day English, but German has maintained a distinction between familiar and polite forms of “you” which are used in the following ways:

The “sie” form of “you” is used in a global way when you are addressing several other people, not including yourself. “Sie “ also means “she”
The “Sie” form of “you” is also used when you wish to be polite or show respect to an individual or a group. You might use it with strangers, the elderly, teachers, or authority figures. In German, addressing someone with “Sie” always creates a respectful distance which can be very useful to emphasize a point. “Sie” is spelled with a capital “S” when used in a formal way.
The “du” form of “you” is used to speak to children, friends, family members, or loved ones in a casual, relaxed and familiar way.
The “ihr” form of “you” is used when you are addressing several other people, not including yourself in a casual way, like “you guys”.

If you are in doubt, just use the polite form “Sie”. A relationship often begins with the more formal “Sie” and progresses to the more casual “du”.

In short:

	Addressing people in a global or collective sense =	sie
	Addressing individuals or groups in a formal respectful way =	Sie
	Addressing someone in a casual sense =	du
	Addressing a group in a casual way =	ihr