Spanish Reflexive Verbs

At last, you've come to the final section on pronouns. This is one of the more complicated sections (but no more complicated than the last section!). In Spanish, when you talk about an action being performed on yourself, you show the reflexive nature of the action with a reflexive verb.

Spanish Reflexive Verbs: Actions You Perform on Yourself

Reflexive verbs indicate that the subject of the sentence has performed an action on itself. In other words, in a reflexive sentence the subject is the same as the object. Examples of reflexive actions are the following:

• José got up
• He put his shoes on
• Eva got sick
• I asked myself a question
• The girl brushed her teeth

You may look at the last example and say, "But the object is teeth! Why should that verb be reflexive?"

In Spanish, parts of the body are never preceded by personal pronouns. In other words, you never talk about "my teeth"—you talk about "the teeth," with a reflexive verb preceding it.

For example, in English you would say:

• I comb my hair
• I wash my face
• I scratch my arm

In Spanish, you would say:

• Me peino el pelo
• Me lavo la cara
• Me rasco el brazo

All reflexive verbs are preceded by reflexive pronouns.

	Reflexive pronoun	Example using "peinarse," to comb	Translation
Yo	me	Me peino el pelo	I comb my hair
Tú	te	Te peinas el pelo	You comb your hair
Ud., él, ella	se	Ella se peina el pelo	She combs her hair
Nosotros/as	nos	Nos peinamos el pelo	We comb our hair
Vosotros/as	os	Os peinais el pelo	You comb your hair
Uds., ellos, ellas	se	Ellos se peinan el pelo	They comb their hair

Understanding Spanish reflexive verbs: When a verb is reflexive?

I you are reading Spanish, you will know that a verb is reflexive by the ending –se tacked onto its infinitive form. Below is a list of some common reflexive verbs. Note the common –se ending.

A verb is not reflexive if it does not have this ending. For example, compare:

Me despierto. with Te despierto.

The first example is reflexive, but the second one is not! In the first example, the subject is performing the action on his/herself (e.g., I wake myself up), and the verb is despertarse. In the second example, the subject is performing the action on someone else (e.g., I wake you up), and the verb is despertar.

Now compare:

Te enojaron. with Nos enojamos.

Can you guess which example uses a reflexive verb and which does not?

• The first example is not reflexive (They made you angry) and uses the verb enojar.
• The second example is reflexive (We got angry) and uses the verb enojarse.

Some verbs are ALWAYS reflexive, like enfermarse.

Por ejemplo:

Using Spanish reflexive verbs to show emotion

When a person becomes emotional, the verb used will often be reflexive. For example, if you get angry, become sad, or feel happy for someone, you will need to express yourself using a reflexive verb.

This can seem a bit confusing at first. Back in Chapter 3.2, you learned how to use estar with descriptive adjectives to express emotions. Estoy enojado... I am angry. Estoy feliz... I am happy.

Estoy triste... I am sad.

When you say how you feel in this way, you're expressing your emotional state at that moment.

However, when you want to describe how your emotional state has changed over time or as a result of something, estar simply won't do. You'll need a reflexive verb.

• I quickly got angry. Me enojé rápidamente.
• It made me sad. Me puso triste.
• It makes me happy to hear your voice. Me alegro oír tu voz.

Don't worry too much about this nuance of reflexive verbs! The more you hear verbs in action, the more you'll naturally pick up which verbs are used reflexively and which are not.