Spanish Adverbs
Spanish Adverbs
In previous lessons you learned how to describe people, places and things through the use of descriptive words called adjectives. These include words like bonito (pretty), lento (slow), gordo (fat), et cetera.
You can also describe actions in a similar way. Instead of adjectives, you will use adverbs. Examples of adverbs include rápidamente (quickly), lentamente (slowly), suavemente (softly), et cetera. These words describe how an action is taking place and may refer to a variety of characteristics.
The majority of adverbs in English end in –ly. Think of words like loudly, roughly, carefully, completely, or hastily. Fortunately, Spanish has an equivalent of the –ly ending in English:
-mente
It is easier to use adverbs than adjectives in Spanish. Why? Well, while adjectives change according to the gender and quantity of the noun they describe, adverbs don’t change at all. The same adverb form applies to all verbs, indiscriminately!
You can form an adverb from almost any adjective in Spanish. All you have to do is take the feminine form of the adjective and add –mente to the end. Here are some examples.
| adjective | = | feminine form | + | -mente | = | adverb |
| absoluto - absolute | absoluta | absolutamente | absolutely | |||
| lento – slow | lenta | lentamente | slowly | |||
| rápido – fast | rápida | rápidamente | quickly | |||
| suave – soft | (no change) | suavemente | softly | |||
Por ejemplo:
Adverbs that Describe How an Action Occurs
You will find some adverbs in Spanish that don’t look much like their English equivalents, but are used quite frequently. You need to memorize the following adverbs, because you will hear them often.
Por ejemplo:
1. Me lo sé de memoria.
- I know it by memory.
2. El terremoto sucedió de golpe.
- The earthquake happened suddenly.
3. Carmen se puso la camiseta al revés.
- Carmen put her t-shirt on backwards.
4. Lo hicimos a escondidas.
- We did it secretly.
5. De repente sonó el alarma.
- Suddenly, the alarm rang out.
Adverbs that Describe When an Action Occurs
If you wish to describe how often or when an action occurs, you may wish to use one of the following adverbs.
| a menudo | often | al fin | at last, in the end, finally |
| a tiempo | on time | de día | during daytime |
| a veces | sometimes | de noche | during nighttime |
| al anochecer | at night | de vez en cuando | once in a while |
Por ejemplo:
Adverbs that Describe Where an Action Occurs
If you wish to describe where an action occurs, you may wish to use one of the following adverbs.
| a la derecha | to the right | en ninguna parte | nowhere |
| a la izquierda | to the left | en otra parte | elsewhere, somewhere else |
| de arriba a bajo | from top to bottom | en todas partes | everywhere |
| en casa | at home | por aquí | around here, this way |
Por ejemplo:
In the next section we'll talk about Spanish Prepositions Part 1: A, DE, EN, HACIA, and CON.
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